Abstract
Improving solar energy conversion efficiency and reducing energy loss have become critical issues in recent decades. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides an ideal method for solar energy harvesting and is a key factor in decreasing the use of fossil fuels. Thus, it is extremely important to identify cost-effective, highly active,..... More

Abstract
In the present study, monodisperse silica nanospheres were synthesized using a tubular reaction system in a continuous way. Screw-type blades were inserted inside a T-mixer for static mixing of the reactant streams which consisted of TEOS and NH₄OH/H₂O diluted with ethanol, for the continuous synthesis of the silica suspension. The..... More

Abstract
Cu-based ternary chalcogenides composed of earth-abundant and nontoxic elements are considered promising thermoelectric materials, although there are few reports on them. In our previous studies, optimal mechanical alloying (MA) and hot pressing (HP) were used to synthesize Cu₃SbS₄ (famatinite) and Cu₃SbSe₄ (permingeatite). In this study, solid solutions of Cu₃SbS_4-ySe_y (y..... More

Abstract
Kerfless wafering is a beneficial technique that enhances the cost effectiveness of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, preventing silicon (Si) waste during diamond sawing. This study compared the advantages of three stress layers for kerfless wafering: aluminum (Al) paste, epoxy-, and electroplated nickel (Ni). These materials demonstrated the ability to..... More

Abstract
The effect of Cu content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-8.0Zn-2.5Mg-xCu (x: 0, 1, 2, 3) aluminum alloys manufactured by the twin-roll casting process was investigated. The Al-8.0Zn-2.5Mg-xCu alloy showed an increase in surface defects with increasing Cu content. This is because the amount of residual liquid in..... More

Abstract
3D printing technology has advanced rapidly over the last decade. However, for ceramic materials, drying and sintering steps are required after printing, and excessive shrinkage that occurs during these steps is a major factor that has hindered the development of the ceramic 3D printing technology. In this study, a non-sintering..... More

Abstract
Currently, the need for high performance heaters for industrial application is increasing, and repeated wear, rapid temperature change, and uneven temperature can cause deteriorating quality and reduced productivity. The ceramic heater in this study consists of a substrate, an electrode layer, and a protective layer, and low-melting temperature glass frit..... More

Abstract
The Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been widely used for structural materials due to high specific strength property, however it is difficult to cast because of high reactivity at high temperature. In this study casting characteristics and post-casting heat treatment were studied in the cast Ti alloy. The cast alloy was prepared..... More

Abstract
The demand for palladium (Pd) has increased and this has made it necessary to recover pure Pd from diverse secondary resources. To recover the small amount of Pd(II) present in spent electroplating solutions, Pd(II) is concentrated by cementation with zinc metal. In this work, a hydrometallurgical process consisting of leaching..... More

Abstract
Spent electroplating solutions contain a small amount of Pd(II). This Pd(II) can be concentrated by cementation with zinc metal powder. In order to recover pure palladium, a hydrometallurgical process consisting of leaching followed by solvent extraction was developed in this work. First, suitable extractants for the selective extraction of Pd(II)..... More

Abstract
The study investigated the effect of repeated repair welding on the mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance of 25% Cr super duplex stainless steels (UNS S32750). The test coupons were prepared by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) with ER2594 filler metal and repaired 3-times at the same weld locations, where..... More

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the corrosion resistance and optimize the heat-treatment process of AISI 439 ferrite stainless steel silicon and tin alloys with reduced chromium. The microstructure of the specimens and deposition under each condition were analyzed. The production of oxide films was compared based on the thickness..... More

Abstract
Supercapacitor electrode slurry is prepared for mass production by mixing activated carbon powder, conductive agent, and binder, which is then deposited on a substrate using the doctor-blade method. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) are used as binder and solvent, respectively, to form the electrode slurry on a metal substrate...... More

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of preheating on early stage melting behavior of a Al-Si coated hot stamped boron steel bolt during projection welding. A large amount of heat was generated in the early stage of projection welding. Because of the large heat generation, a rapid collapse of the projection..... More

Abstract
Nanopatterning methods for pattern formation of high-resolution nanostructures are essential for the fabrication of various electronic devices, including wearable displays, high-performance semiconductor devices, and smart biosensor systems. Among advanced nanopatterning methods, nanotransfer printing (nTP) has attracted considerable attention due to its process simplicity, low cost, and great pattern resolution. However,..... More

Abstract
Al 7075 alloy was manufactured using the twin-roll strip casting (TRC) process, and the mechanical and wear properties of the fabricated TRC process were investigated. To compare the properties of the alloy manufactured by TRC, another Al 7075 alloy was fabricated by conventional direct chill (DC) casting as a comparative..... More

Abstract
Silicon (Si) has a high theoretical capacity and low working potential vs. Li/Li⁺, and has been investigated as the most capable negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, Si undergoes significant volume changes during the Li⁺ alloying/ dealloying processes, leading to unstable cycle life and limiting its practical applicability..... More

Abstract
Compressed wires are produced by cross-sectionally compressing stranded conductors, which results in a smaller conductor diameter. This also leads to a lower weight wire, because a thinner external insulated coating can be used, compared to the low-voltage wires typically used in automobiles. However, a post production heat treatment of the..... More

Abstract
One-dimensional Al and Al₂O₃ nano/microstructures were fabricated via thermal oxidation of Al and SnO₂ powder mixtures at temperatures below the melting point of Al (660 oC). Furthermore, the synthesis process was carried out in air at atmospheric pressure, which made the process very simple and easy. Sn metal particles with..... More

Abstract
A cooling channel with an optimized design provides not only high throughput with gravity die casting, but also guarantees product quality. A conformal cooling channel (CC) whose structure follows the shapes or surfaces of the mold cavity has attracted great attention in the die casting industry, because it allows rapid..... More

Abstract
PosMAC^® is a hot dipping Zn-Mg-Al coated steel sheet developed by POSCO. PosMAC^®3.0 shows excellent anti-corrosion performance and is suitable for construction and solar energy systems in severe corrosive environments. PosMAC^®1.5 has a superior surface quality and is preferred for automotive and home appliances. The advanced anti-corrosion properties of PosMAC^®..... More

Abstract
This study was carried out to obtain data to design a process to recover rare earth elements, specifically Y(Yttrium), La(Lanthanum), Ce(Cerium), Eu(Europium), Tb(Terbium) from waste phosphor powder. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of temperature, concentration, time and acids on leaching of the rare earth elements. The effect of..... More

Abstract
Extremely thin film high quality copper foil is required to ensure high performance in electronics and slimness in secondary batteries. During the electroplating of copper foil, Janus Green B(JGB) and Collagen were introduced as additives to the electrolytes to study their effects. The structural and electrical properties of the electroplated..... More

Abstract
The corrosion behaviors of a combined weld (plasma, gas tungsten arc) joint in a super austenitic stainless steel pipe were investigated using a range of experimental and analytical methods. To ensure superior corrosion resistance, a Ni-based super alloy (Inconel 625) was employed as the welding material only in the gas..... More

Abstract
Halide perovskite solar cells have been attracting tremendous attention as next-generation solar cell materials because of their excellent optical and electrical properties. Formamidinium lead tri-iodide (FAPbI₃) exhibits the narrowest band gap among lead iodide perovskites and shows excellent thermal and chemical stability, also. However, the large-area coating of FAPbI₃ needed..... More

Abstract
Inkjet printing is a very attractive technology for printed electronics and a potential alternative to current high cost and multi-chemical lithography processes, for display and other applications in the electronics field. Inkjet technology can be employed to fabricate organic light emitting diodes (OLED), quantum dots displays, and thin-film transistors (TFTs)...... More

Abstract
In this study, we studied the surface and mechanical properties of multiple additives as well as the initial plating properties of individual additives. With the individual additive groups, copper crystals tended to converge at a stage above the critical amount of additive. When chloride ions were added, large crystals formed..... More

Abstract
To manufacture finer solder bumps, the SR and DFR patterns were filled using a Sn electroplating process instead of the microball process currently used in BGA technology, and the solder bump shape was fabricated through a reflow process. The microstructure of the solder bump was investigated by EBSD and TEM..... More

Abstract
Stainless steel is a metal with excellent workability, economy, and corrosion resistance, so it is used in various industrial applications including the marine, machinery, electronic parts, piping, power generation, and nuclear power fields. However, in contaminated environments such as marine and gas pipelines, stainless steel has problems, including surface aging..... More

Abstract
We grew ZnO nanorods (NRs) using a hydrothermal method while rotating the precursor solution, and report the effect of rotation on surface modification, and the optical and ultraviolet (UV) photoresponse properties of the resulting ZnO nanorods. The ZnO NRs grown in the rotating precursor solution at 100 rpm had the..... More